DNA 101

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DNA 101

 

Presented by

Alvie Walts

Redbone Heritage Foundation, Inc.

2nd Annual Conference

Natchitoches, La.

 
 

Y-DNA: 

The Direct Male Line

 

The Y Chromosome is transmitted from father to son.  Testing the Y Chromosome provides information about the direct male line. (Surname Line). Meaning the father to father and so on. The locations tested on the Y Chromosome are called markers. Occasionally a mutation occurs at one of the markers in the Y Chromosome.  Mutations are simply small changes in the DNA Sequence.

 

Mt-DNA: 

The Maternal Line

 

Mt-DNA is passed from mother to child.  Since only females pass on their Mt-DNA, testing the Mt-DNA tells about the mother, to her mother, to her mother, and so on along the direct maternal line Both Males and Females receive Mt-DNA from their mothers, so both men and women can test their Mt-DNA.

 

Haplogroups: Family Tree Lines

 

Haplogroups are a collection of closely related heliotypes.  The Haplogroup identifies the person’s major Population group and provides information about the ancient origin of there Y-DNA and Mt-DNA lines.  Haplogroups are like different branches in the Family Tree of Mankind

 

 

Mestee Y-DNA Haplogroup Admixture

Some of the DNA tests performed on Mestee groups in the United States have come up with some interesting results in regards to Haplogroups.  These results show, in my opinion, the early admixture of  people of non Northern European origin with both Native American and African ethnic groups circa 1600’s early America. It is proof that these Mixed Blood groups are related and have several different backgrounds of various ethnic proportions of African, Native American, Welsh, Scot Irish, English, Portuguese, Middle Eastern and Romani Gypsy peoples Some of the Y-DNA Haplogroups are as follows:

 

R1b: 

J:

J2: 
E3a:
 

P and L:

 
 

Q:

 

Western European

 

Haplogroup R1b1 is the most common haplogroup in European populations

It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago

 

Middle Eastern

 

Haplogroup J is found at highest frequencies in Middle Eastern
and North African populations where it most likely evolved.
This marker has been carried by Middle Eastern
traders into Europe, Central Asia, India, and Pakistan.

 Middle Eastern

 

The J2 lineage originated in the northern portion of the Fertile Crescent
where it later spread throughout Central Asia, the Mediterranean,
and south into India.
As with other populations with Mediterranean ancestry this lineage
is found within Jewish populations.

Sub Saharan African

 

This haplogroup is an African lineage.
It is currently hypothesized that this haplogroup
dispersed south from northern Africa within the past 3000 years,
by the Bantu agricultural expansion.
E3a is also the most common lineage among African Americans

 

  Middle East/India

 

The undifferentiated P lineage is a very rare haplogroup in
populations at this time. Although it was the ancestral line to
haplogroups Q and R it is only found at low frequency in India,
Pakistan, and Central Asia
L: This haplogroup is found primarily in India and Sri Lanka,
and has also spread into several Middle Eastern populations
(Turks, Saudis, and Pakistanis).
 

Central Asian/Native American

The Q lineage is the lineage that links Asia and the Americas
 
This lineage is found in North and Central Asian populations
as well as Native Americans
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BGA DNA

 
 

Another type of DNA Test is the BGA Test (BioGeographical)

Ancestry Test.  The BGA Test uses AIM (Ancestry Information

Markers) that look at the entire DNA Genome of 175 Ancestry

Information Markers  

This test will show your estimates for Indo European, Asian,

Sub Saharan African and Native American
 

DNA Print BGA Bar Graph

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Redbone BGA DNA Study

Ethnicity  %

Redbones

Anglo American

Melungeons

INDO EUROPEAN 

90% 97%

94.5%

EAST ASIAN

 0% 2%
0%

NATIVE AM

 5% 1%
2.5%

SS AFRICAN

 5% 0%
3.0%

 

Redbone BGA DNA Study

4% Native American

6% Sub Saharian African

90% Indo European

Redbone BGA DNA Study

Redbone BGA DNA Study

 

 

Euro BGA DNA

 

DNA Print also offers a Euro BGA DNA Test which will test for your ancestry in the following groups.  North Western European (England, Germany) South Eastern European (Italy, Greece, Turkey) Middle Eastern (Iran, Israel, Arabia, Egypt) South Asian (Pakistan, India)

 
 

Euro BGA DNA

 

 

Redbone Euro BGA DNA Study

 

 

Questions & Comments

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